The wettest areas are the highlands around the Hornisgrinde in the north and around the Belchen and Feldberg in the south, where annual rainfall reaches 1,800–2,100 mm. In addition there are numerous nature reserves, protected areas, forest reserves and bird reserves. Alpirsbach Abbey and the ruined Hirsau Abbey were built of red sandstone in the Hirsau style. Economic deposits of other minerals included: fluorite in the Northern Black Forest near Pforzheim, baryte in the central region near Freudenstadt, fluorite along with lead and silver near Wildschapbach, baryte and fluorite in the Rankach valley and near Ohlsbach, in the Southern Black Forest near Todtnau, Wieden and Urberg. This was used until the 19th century especially for operating numerous mills, including sawmills and hammer mills and was one of the local factors in the industrialization of some Black Forest valleys. They took this back to Baden and adapted it to be played with Tarock playing cards that were then still in common use in southern Germany. The Schüttesäge Museum in Schiltach has information and living history demonstrations covering the themes of lumbering and timber rafting in the Kinzig valley as well as tanning. The Black Forest is the highest part of the South German Scarplands and much of it is densely wooded, a fragment of the Hercynian Forest of Antiquity. The Mummelsee, situated along the Black Forest High Road, is a recreational lake and a starting point for a number of hiking trails including the Kunstpfad am Mummelsee ("sculpture trail at the Mummelsee").[24]. [2] Tectonically, the range forms a lifted fault block, which rises prominently in the west from the Upper Rhine Plain; from the east, it has the appearance of a heavily forested plateau. The formation of these deposits (Schauinsland Pit: zinc, lead, about 700–1000 g silver/ton of lead; baryte, fluorite, less lead and zinc in the Kinzig valley; BiCoNi ores near Wittichen, uranium discovered in the Krunkelbach valley near Menzenschwand but never officially mined) often used to be linked to the intrusion of Carboniferous granite in the para- and orthogneisses. In Roman times (Late Antiquity), it was given the name Silva Marciana ("Marcynian Forest", from the Germanic word marka = "border"). Other thermal baths are found in the spa resorts of Badenweiler, Bad Herrenalb, Bad Wildbad, Bad Krozingen, Bad Liebenzell and Bad Bellingen. Gersbach's floral displays have won awards as the German Golden Village of 2004 and the European Golden Village of 2007. The total network of tracks amounts to around 23,000 kilometres (14,000 mi), and is maintained and overseen by volunteers of the Black Forest Club, which has around 90,000 members (figures from Bremke, 1999, p. 9). [39] The Black Forest variety of Flammkuchen is a Baden specialty made with ham, cheese and cream. During the last glacial period of the Würm glaciation, the Black Forest was covered by glaciers; several tarns (or lakes) such as the Mummelsee are remains of this period. Large areas of the eastern Black Forest, the lowest layer of the South German Scarplands composed of Bunter Sandstone, are covered by seemingly endless coniferous forest with their island clearings. There are well known winter sports areas around the Feldberg, near Todtnau with its FIS downhill ski run of Fahler Loch and in Hinterzarten, a centre and talent forge for German ski jumpers. In winter, of course, it is the various types of winter sport that come to the fore. Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany, List of mountains and hills in the Black Forest, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Information Service for Agriculture, Nutrition and Regional Planning, Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands, Natural region fact file Schwarzwald-Randplatten (150), Natural region fact file Grindenschwarzwald und Enzhöhen (151), Natural region fact file Nördlicher Talschwarzwald (152), Natural region fact file Mittlerer Schwarzwald (153), Natural region fact file Südöstlicher Schwarzwald (154), Natural region fact file Hochschwarzwald (155), "On the trail of the Black Forest Cuckooclock » Black Forest Clock Association". Stone coal is only found near Berghaupten and Diersburg, but was always only of local importance. Due to the rich mining history dating from medieval times (the Black Forest was one of the most important mining regions of Europe circa 1100) there are many mines re-opened to the public.
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