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when was arrian born

(citations?). The scholarly consensus is that Arrian's work is to a considerable extent a reworking of Ptolemy; albeit with material from other writers, particularly Aristobulus, brought in where Arrian thought them useful. Sometimes, he condemns aspects of the conqueror's behavior, but as a whole, he is positive about Alexander's achievements. Dio, the great Greek historian, called him “Flavius Arrianus Nicomediansis.” There is controversy about the date of his birth (around AD 90) and that of his formal retirement, but … He held professorships in Greek and Latin at the University of London and the University of Virginia. 1. [21][39][2][40], Three extant fragments are the Vatican Palimsest (of the 10th century AD), PSI 12.1284 (Oxyrhynchus), and the Gothenburg palimpsest (of the 10th century also), these possibly stemming originally from Photius. Other surviving classical histories of Alexander. Arrian was not only a historian, he was a also a Roman senator; he became consul in 129 AD (where he served with Severus). His family was from the provincial aristocracy of Greek stock, but his full name, L. Flavius Arrianus, indicates that he was a Roman citizen, suggesting his family had sworn allegiance to the Romans generations before, perhaps at the time of the Roman conquest some 170 years before. He died after 145/146, because he is known to have occupied an important Athenian office in that year. B. Bosworth, an expert on Greek history,[8][9] criticized what he viewed as Arrian's hagiography in 'Errors in Arrian' (1976)[10]. It will be expanded to a full-fledged article. Arrian of Nicomedia ( AD 86 – c.160) was a Roman (ethnic Greek) historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the 2nd-century Roman period. The Roman historian Quintus Curtius Rufus wrote, The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus wrote, The Greek historian/biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea wrote the, The Roman historian Justin wrote an epitome of the. Aristobulus, for example, was known as kolax (κόλαξ), the flatterer, while other sources were hostile or had political agendas. This remarkable text probably tells less about India than about the literary tastes of Arrian's age. Arrian was born in Nicomedia (now Izmit), the capital of the Roman province of Bithynia, in what is now north-western Turkey. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Ta meta tou Alexandrou (τα μετ' Αλέξανδρον), Sources, transmission, translations and publications, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, FP Polo (Professor of Ancient History at the Departamento Ciencias Antigüedad at the Universidad de Zaragoza) -, Peter Beckford (... perhaps, the writing is slightly illegible) or, Werner Jaeger - formerly of Harvard University and the Institute for Classical Studies (translated by Gilbert Highet)-, S B Ferrario (see list of ref.) In a comparison of the contents of the Encheiridion with the Discourses, it is apparent that the former contains material not present within the latter, suggesting an original lost source for the Encheiridion. [11][37][38], Friendly conversations with Epictetus is a 12 book work mentioned by Photius in his Bibliotheca, of which only fragments remain. We can be confident that Arrian's ancestors had received citizenship and name at an earlier stage. Arrian left Cappadocia shortly before the death of his patron Hadrian, in 138, and there is no evidence for any further public appointments until 145/6 when he was elected Archon at Athens, once the city’s leading political post but by this time an honorary one. As Vic describes, 'Socotra House Publishing is a purveyor of glib words to the world' but he's just being modest. [10][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], For a period, some time about 126 AD, a friend of the emperor Hadrian, who appointed him to the Senate. By now, his friend Hadrian had become emperor (117), and Arrian admits that he benefited from his friend's patronage. If Arrian had not taken part in Hadrian's mopping-up operations after the conquest of Dacia, it is possible that he took part in Trajan's campaign against the Parthian empire (115-117), which Arrian commemorated in a long history. Arrian later wrote a military treatise called Ektaxis kata Alanōn, which detailed the battle against the Alans, and the Technē Taktikē in which he described how he would organise the legions and auxiliary troops at his disposal, among which legions XII Fulminata and XV Apollinaris. However, Arrian's work may have been entirely hypothetical, because there is no historical record of a battle between Romans and Alans that year. All that is known about the life of Epictetus is due to Arrian, in that he produced a Encheiridion (Handbook) of Epictetus’ philosophy. For others with this name, see Arrianus (disambiguation). As a writer, Arrian was obliged by the prevailing literary mores of his time to compose his works in "good Greek," which meant imitating as closely as possible the grammar and literary style of the Athenian writers of the 5th century BC. First consul suffectus, during 132 AD (Howatson shows 131) he was made prefect or legate (governor) of Cappadocia,by Hadrian, a service he continued for a six-year duration. trans. Arrian was born in Nicomedia (a Greek town in the Roman Empire) between 85 and 90 AD. Arrian's other works preserve the philosophy of Epictetus in Discourses of Epictetus (c. 108 AD), and include the Indica a description of Nearchus' voyage from India following Alexander's conquest, the Ars Tactica, and other short works. Arrian of Nicomedia (/ˈæriən/; Latin language: Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon; Greek: Ἀρριανός c. AD 86 – c.160) was a Roman (ethnic Greek)[3] historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the 2nd-century Roman period.

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